คำสั่งสำหรับสร้างกราฟรูปที่ 7.4
1. ประชากรมีการแจแจงแบบปกติ
group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 1# size of each sample
n <- group*size
mu <- 0
sigma <- 1
sigma.xbar <- sigma/sqrt(n)
set.seed(236)
rnv <- rnorm(n,mu,sigma) # m samples of size n
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar1 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)


group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 2# size of each sample
n <- group*size
mu <- 0
sigma <- 1
sigma.xbar <- sigma/sqrt(n)
set.seed(236)
rnv <- rnorm(n,mu,sigma) # m samples of size n
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar2 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)


group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 4 # size of each sample
n <- group*size
mu <- 0
sigma <- 1
sigma.xbar <- sigma/sqrt(n)
set.seed(236)
rnv <- rnorm(n,mu,sigma) # m samples of size n
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar3 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)


group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 10 # size of each sample
n <- group*size
mu <- 0
sigma <- 1
sigma.xbar <- sigma/sqrt(n)
set.seed(236)
rnv <- rnorm(n,mu,sigma) # m samples of size n
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar4 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)


windows(10,2.5)
par(mfrow=c(1,4))
hist(xbar1,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,ylim=c(0,0.6),xlim=c(-2.5,2.5),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:19*0.25-2.43)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=1",cex=1.2)
hist(xbar2,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,ylim=c(0,0.8),xlim=c(-2.5,2.5),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:14*0.24-1.74)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=2",cex=1.2)
hist(xbar3,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,ylim=c(0,0.8),xlim=c(-2.5,2.5),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:10*0.25-1.14)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=4",cex=1.2)
hist(xbar4,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,ylim=c(0,1.4),xlim=c(-2.5,2.5),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:8*0.25-0.94)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=10",cex=1.2)

2. ประชากรมีการแจแจงแบบ trangle

library(triangle)
group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 1# size of each sample
n <- group*size
mu <- 0
sigma <- 1
sigma.xbar <- sigma/sqrt(n)
set.seed(157)
rnv <- rtriangle(n, 1, 5, 5)
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar1 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)

group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 5# size of each sample
n <- group*size
mu <- 0
sigma <- 1
sigma.xbar <- sigma/sqrt(n)
set.seed(157)
rnv <- rtriangle(n, 1, 5, 5)
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar2 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)

group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 10# size of each sample
n <- group*size
mu <- 0
sigma <- 1
sigma.xbar <- sigma/sqrt(n)
set.seed(157)
rnv <- rtriangle(n, 1, 5, 5)
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar3 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)

group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 20# size of each sample
n <- group*size
mu <- 0
sigma <- 1
sigma.xbar <- sigma/sqrt(n)
set.seed(157)
rnv <- rtriangle(n, 1, 5, 5)
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar4 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)


windows(10,2.5)
par(mfrow=c(1,4))
hist(xbar1,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,xlim=c(1,5),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:29*0.138+1)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=1",cex=1.2)
hist(xbar2,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,xlim=c(1,5),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:19*0.11+2.5)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=5",cex=1.2)
hist(xbar3,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,xlim=c(1,5),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:14*0.092+3)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=10",cex=1.2)
hist(xbar4,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,xlim=c(1,5),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:8*0.14+3.1)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=20",cex=1.2)

3.  ประชากรมีการแจแจงแบบ Uniform
group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 1# size of each sample
n <- group*size
mu <- 0
sigma <- 1
sigma.xbar <- sigma/sqrt(n)
set.seed(134)
rnv <- runif(n,mu,sigma) # m samples of size n
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar1 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)

group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 2# size of each sample
n <- group*size
mu <- 0
sigma <- 1
sigma.xbar <- sigma/sqrt(n)
set.seed(134)
rnv <- runif(n,mu,sigma) # m samples of size n
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar2 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)

group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 4 # size of each sample
n <- group*size
mu <- 0
sigma <- 1
sigma.xbar <- sigma/sqrt(n)
set.seed(134)
rnv <- runif(n,mu,sigma) # m samples of size n
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar3 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)

group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 10 # size of each sample
n <- group*size
mu <- 0
sigma <- 1
sigma.xbar <- sigma/sqrt(n)
set.seed(134)
rnv <- runif(n,mu,sigma) # m samples of size n
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar4 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)


windows(10,2.5)
par(mfrow=c(1,4))
hist(xbar1,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,ylim=c(0,1.6),xlim=c(0,1),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks= 0:19*0.055)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=1",cex=1.2)
hist(xbar2,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,ylim=c(0,2.5),xlim=c(0,1),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:16*0.058+0.036)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=2",cex=1.2)
hist(xbar3,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,ylim=c(0,3.2),xlim=c(0,1),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:12*.054+0.15)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=4",cex=1.2)
hist(xbar4,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,ylim=c(0,4.5),xlim=c(0,1),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:9*0.06+0.249)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=10",cex=1.2)


4.  ประชากรมีการแจแจงแบบ Exponential
group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 1# size of each sample
n <- group*size
set.seed(254)
rnv <- rexp(n, rate=1) # m samples of size n
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar1 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)

group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 2# size of each sample
n <- group*size
set.seed(254)
rnv <- rexp(n,rate=1) # m samples of size n
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar2 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)

group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 4 # size of each sample
n <- group*size
set.seed(254)
rnv <- rexp(n,rate=1) # m samples of size n
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar3 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)

group <- 100 # Number of samples
size <- 10 # size of each sample
n <- group*size
set.seed(254)
rnv <- rexp(n,rate=1) # m samples of size n
rnvm <- matrix(rnv,nrow=group) # m*n matrix
xbar4 <- apply(rnvm,1,mean)


windows(10,2.5)
par(mfrow=c(1,4))
hist(xbar1,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,ylim=c(0,1.2),xlim=c(0,5),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:21*0.27+.005)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=1",cex=1.2)
hist(xbar2,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,ylim=c(0,0.9),xlim=c(0,5),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:14*0.25+0.02)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=2",cex=1.2)
hist(xbar3,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,ylim=c(0,1),xlim=c(0,5),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:10*0.23+0.15)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=4",cex=1.2)
hist(xbar4,main="",prob=T,las=1,cex.lab=1.7,ylim=c(0,1.6),xlim=c(0,5),cex.axis=1.7,xlab="",breaks=0:8*0.21+0.35)
axis(side=1,lab=F)
mtext(side=1,line=3,"x",cex=1.2)  
mtext(side=3,line=1,"100 samples, size n=10",cex=1.2)
mean <- cbind(xbar1,xbar2,xbar3,xbar4)